When Immanuel was eight years old he entered the Latin school run by the church. In 1740 he enrolled in the University of Königsberg to study theology.But Kant was more interested in science. He read the works of Isaac Newton and began in 1744 to write his first book on problems of physics. In 1746, however, his father died, and Kant had to leave university and support himself by working as a private tutor. The wealthy families for whom he worked introduced him to the higher society of Königsberg, and once he accompanied his employers on a trip to Arnsdorf. It was the biggest trip of his life, a distance of 96 km, after which he never left his home city again.
The distinction between analytic and synthetic a priori judgements is central to Kant's theoretical philosophy and developed out of his early critique of the ‘rationalist’ philosophy of the Wolffian school. In the course of his exposure of this philosophy's shortcomings, Kant elaborated a distinction between analytic and synthetic judgements. The Wolffian philosophers treated all judgements as if they were analytical, whereas, Kant claimed, they were only a specific class of judgement which he contrasted with the distinct class of synthetic judgements. He noted later in P that ‘whatever be their origin or their logical form, there is a distinction in judgements, as to their content, according to which they are merely explicative , adding nothing to the content of the cognition, or ampliative , increasing the given cognition: the former may be called analytic , the latter synthetic , judgement’ . The main distinguishing feature of analytic judgements is that their predicates ‘belong to the subject … as something which is (covertly) contained in this concept’ .
In 1755 Kant was able to complete his degree and obtain employment as Privatdozent (lecturer) at the university. He lectured in mathematics and physics, but in his research he was interested in comparing the methods of science, particularly Newton's method of investigation, with the methods of thought applied in philosophy.
After two unsuccessful attempts to obtain a professorial position, the rejection of offers from other universities and 15 years as a Privatdozent Kant was finally appointed professor of logic and metaphysics in 1770. In his inaugural dissertation he layed out his project: to explore the philosophical territory through scientific methods. It took him more than ten years, during which time he did not publish anything; but he was sure of the success of his quest. In a letter to a friend he wrote about his dissertation:"About a year since I attained that concept which I do not fear ever to be obliged to alter, though I may have to widen it, and by which all sorts of metaphysical questions can be tested in accordance with entirely safe and easy criteria, and a sure decision reached as to whether they are soluble or insoluble."
In 1781 Kant published the first of three books entitled "Critique". The Kritik der reinen Vernunft ("Critique of Pure Reason", dedicated to Francis Bacon) was followed in 1780 by the Kritik der praktischen Vernunft ("Critique of Practical Reason") and in 1790 beiKritik der Urteilskraft ("Critique of Judgement"). Rather than emplying criticism of existing philosophical teachings, "Critque" in Kant's sense meant the critical development of a system of thought from the ground up. To achieve this he proposed to follow "the sure path of science", which begins with a few laws of nature that cannot be proven or disproven and proceeds to discover the consequences. Just as physics accepts space and time as given, he says, so metaphysics has to start from certain principles and derive all other knowledge from them.
In contrast to the clear words in which Kant expressed the plan of his undertaking, his books are very difficult to follow and are not widely read except for philosophical study. But the rise of science in Europe posed a great challenge to philosophy and theology, and Kant was the most successful of all philosophers who responded to this challenge. Although his thoughts were not accepted unaltered by the next generation of philosophers, he is rightly considered the third father, after Plato and Aristotle, of European philosophy.
Our actual purpose is to show how a concrete philosophical thought, Kant’s, faces the problematic of a historical epoch also concrete, the Illustration, from a specific point of view: the science, and how Kant pretends with it, to enable the awareness by the society to which it belongs with respect to its value and to the political limitations of his epoch. In other words we try to recover the Kantian reflection with respect to the function that a specific society fulfils with respect to the human freedom. Our work will take as a basis a small article written by Kant entitled Answer to the question what is the Illustration written by the author in 1784, in which he consigns in this way his conception of it: “Sapere aude! Have the courage to serve your own understanding. Here is the symbol of the Illustration.
Technical illustration is the use of illustration to visually communicate information of a technical nature. Technical illustrations can be component technical drawings or diagrams. Technical illustration in general aim "to generate expressive images that effectively convey certain information via the visual channel to the human observer". Nowadays, many illustration programs are used to create technical illustrations due the need for detailed imaging and repeated updating. Besides the commonplace 2-D Adobe Illustrator, there are many 3-D computer graphics software that are often utilized to create illustration for textbooks, especially scientific ones. Technical illustration generally have to describe and explain the subjects to a nontechnical audience. Therefore the visual image should be accurate in terms of dimensions and proportions, and should provide "an overall impression of what an object is or does, to enhance the viewer's interest and understanding".
The recognition that without the intervention of the sensitivity nature does not mean it is not possible, then, that Kant is sufficient to exercise sensitivity to nature is given. If so, would have to accept that it exists and presents itself, or use the Creator to explain its existence. Kant rejected over and over alternative. In this regard we should recall again text that begins the introduction to Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, which must now be much clearer to us. So, we can say that for Kant the sensitivity is an essential factor for the possibility of experience, but not cover, nor identify with it. Hence for him the nature is simply the object of sensation, so if we look further mode of application of the same, it is never possible to be achieved, but in fact the object of experience.
